Humanitarian aid first rose markedly in response to the Ethiopian famine of 1985. A surge in the early 1990s was due to civil war in Somalia, the former Yugoslavia and Rwanda. The spike in 1999 reflected man-made and natural disasters: for the victims of the Kosovo war on the one hand and of Hurricane Mitch that struck the Caribbean and Central America in 1998 on the other. The steep upward trend since 2001 reflects humanitarian aid to Afghanistan, Iraq, the countries affected by the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami, and most recently, assistance for Darfur (Sudan). Multilateral and private humanitarian aid generally follows the same trends as bilateral humanitarian aid, and totals about half the amount. However, precise figures are difficult to compile, reflecting the multiplicity of agencies and programmes involved.Visit www.oecd.org/developmentVisit the Development Co-operation Directorate: www.oecd.org/dac ©OECD Observer No. 263, October 2007